Overview | Harvard | IEEE | APA | Chicago | MLA | Vancouver | Citation Tools
If you are writing an academic paper or thesis, you must cite all sources of information that you have used or referred to in your work. There are many different types of referencing styles. In this blog, we will discuss six popular referencing styles that are widely used in research publications, along with detailed examples.
1. Harvard referencing style
The Harvard referencing style is widely used in UK universities. The Harvard referencing style uses an author-date system. The sources are cited by providing the surname of the author and the year of publication in brackets.
✔ Citation at the end of the information. Both surname and year within brackets.
The simple and more effective approach to treating obesity is cutting food intake (Smith, 2003).
✔ Citation integrated into the text. Surname outside the bracket and year within brackets.
Smith (2003) proposed a simple approach to cutting food intake to treat obesity.
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2. IEEE referencing style
The IEEE referencing style is specified by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic engineers. This type of referencing style is predominantly used in the fields of computer sciences, engineering, and technology. IEEE style uses a numeric citation system where sources are cited as numbers in square brackets.
✔ Citation at the end of the sentence
The simple and more effective approach to treating obesity is cutting food intake [1].
✔ Citation integrated into the text
A recent study [1] has proposed a simple approach of cutting food intake to treat obesity.
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3. APA referencing style
The American Psychological Association (APA) style is predominantly used in the fields of psychology, health, and social sciences. The APA referencing style uses an author-date system. The sources are cited by providing the surname of the author and the year of publication in brackets.
✔ Citation at the end of the sentence. Both surname and year within brackets.
A recent research showed that students use generative AI in more than 90% of their assignments (Jones, 2014).
✔ Citation integrated into the text. Surname outside the bracket and year within brackets.
Jones (2014) showed that students use generative AI in more than 90% of their assignments.
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4. Chicago referencing style
The Chicago referencing style is commonly used in the field of humanities. The Chicago referencing style uses a foot note system. The sources are cited by adding a superscript1 after the information and the reference details are given in the footnote at the bottom of the page.
✔ Reference number is given at the end of the information in superscript. The reference details are given as a footnote at the bottom of the page.
A recent research showed that students use generative AI in more than 90% of their assignments1. These findings are broadly in line with previous large scale studies in this arena2.
________________________________________
- Sam Smith, “Use of AI in academia,” Education Journal 29, no. 3 (2011): 109.
- Jeoff Lawday, “A multicentre trial on use of AI in education”, Higher Education 12, no.1 (2000): 45.
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5. MLA referencing style
The Modern Languages Association (MLA) style is predominantly used in the field of humanities. The MLA referencing style uses an author-page number system. The sources are cited by providing the surname of the author and the page number(s) in brackets.
✔ Citation at the end of the information. Both surname and page numbers within brackets.
A recent research showed that students use generative AI in more than 90% of their assignments (Jones 6-7).
✔ Citation integrated into the text. Surname outside the bracket and page number within brackets.
Jones (6-7) showed that students use generative AI in more than 90% of their assignments.
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6. Vancouver referencing style
The Vancouver referencing style was developed by the Internal Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). This referencing style is predominantly used in the medical and scientific disciplines. The Vancouver style uses a numeric citation system where sources are cited as numbers within brackets(1) or using superscript1 in the order in which they appear.
✔ Citation at the end of the information.
The simple and more effective approach to treating obesity is cutting food intake (1).
(OR)
The simple and more effective approach to treating obesity is cutting food intake1.
✔ Citation integrated into the text.
A recent study (1) has proposed a simple approach of cutting food intake to treat obesity.
(OR)
A recent study1 has proposed a simple approach of cutting food intake to treat obesity.
Click here to learn more about Vancouver referencing style…
7. Summary
If you have any questions, please drop a comment below, and we will answer as soon as possible. We also recommend you to refer to our other blogs on academic writing tools, academic writing resources, academic writing phrases, research paper examples and research paper writing tips which are relevant to the topic discussed in this blog.
